2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  4. DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

DNA/RNA Synthesis

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RNA synthesis, which is also called DNA transcription, is a highly selective process. Transcription by RNA polymerase II extends beyond RNA synthesis, towards a more active role in mRNA maturation, surveillance and export to the cytoplasm.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.DNA ligases discriminate against substrates containing RNA strands or mismatched base pairs at positions near the ends of the nickedDNA. Bleomycin (BLM) exerts its genotoxicity by generating free radicals, whichattack C-4′ in the deoxyribose backbone of DNA, leading to opening of the ribose ring and strand breakage; it is an S-independentradiomimetic agent that causes double-strand breaks in DNA.

First strand cDNA is synthesized using random hexamer primers and M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (RNase H). Second strand cDNA synthesis is subsequently performed using DNA Polymerase I and RNase H. The remaining overhangs are converted into blunt ends using exonuclease/polymerase activity. After adenylation of the 3′ ends of DNA fragments, NEBNext Adaptor with hairpin loop structure is ligated to prepare the samples for hybridization. Cell cycle and DNA replication are the top two pathways regulated by BET bromodomain inhibition. Cycloheximide blocks the translation of mRNA to protein.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-D1021
    AA-dUTP sodium salt
    AA-dUTP sodium salt is a fluorescent dye which can be used to stain cDNA.
    AA-dUTP sodium salt
  • HY-D0226R
    Quinizarin (Standard)
    Quinizarin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Quinizarin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Quinizarin (1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone), a part of the anticancer agents such as Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, and Adriamycin, interacts with DNA by intercalating mode (Kd=86.1 μM). Quinizarin is used as a fungicide and pesticide chemical and has shown the ability to inhibit tumor cell growth.
    Quinizarin (Standard)
  • HY-155595
    SNM1A-IN-1
    SNM1A-IN-1 (compound 11a) is an inhibtor of SNM1A (a DNA damage repair enzyme with cytotoxicity).
    SNM1A-IN-1
  • HY-153692A
    (R)-WRN inhibitor 1
    (R)-WRN inhibitor 1 is the R-isomer of WRN inhibitor 1 (example 7). WRN inhibitor 1 is a WRN inhibitor with anticancer activity.
    (R)-WRN inhibitor 1
  • HY-179020
    PARP/VEGFR3-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PARP/VEGFR3-IN-1 (Compound 18) is a dual PARP-VEGFR3 target inhibitor. Its IC50 values for PARP1, PARP2, and VEGFR3 are 0.0763, 0.0366, and 4.25 nM respectively. PARP/VEGFR3-IN-1 has no inhibitory effect on VEGFR1/2 and shows subtype selectivity. PARP/VEGFR3-IN-1 exhibits significant anti-proliferative activity in various cancer cells (leukemia, lung cancer, and triple-negative breast cancer). PARP/VEGFR3-IN-1 induces DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. PARP/VEGFR3-IN-1 triggers various forms of cell death by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. PARP/VEGFR3-IN-1 can be formulated into nanodelivery systems, significantly enhancing tumor targeting and therapeutic window.
    PARP/VEGFR3-IN-1
  • HY-123501
    MitoE10
    		Inhibitor
    MitoE10 is potent antioxidant agent. MitoE10 prevents lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial oxidative damage and damage to mitochondrial DNA.
    MitoE10
  • HY-16035
    Alatrofloxacin
    		Inhibitor
    Alatrofloxacin, the parenteral proagent of Trovafloxacin, is a fluoronaphthyridone which contains an L-alanyl-L-alanyl salt. Alatrofloxacin functions similar to other fluoroquinolone antibiotics in that it not only has antibiotic activity to kill invading organisms by interfering with DNA synthesis, it possesses immunosuppressive activity.
    Alatrofloxacin
  • HY-169994
    BC13
    		Inducer
    BC13 is a CDK6/BRD4 inhibitor with the IC50 values of 234 nM and 36 nM for CDK6 and BRD4, respectively. BC13 shows antiproliferative activity and induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage. BC13 increases in ROS levels.
    BC13
  • HY-N13095
    (+)-Plakevulin A
    		Inhibitor
    (+)-Plakevulin A (Plakevulin A) is an oxylipin and can be isolated from an Okinawan sponge Plakortis sp. (+)-Plakevulin A inhibits the enzymatic activity of DNA polymerases α and δ. (+)-Plakevulin A induces apoptosis and shows anticancer activity.
    (+)-Plakevulin A
  • HY-169284
    Polθ-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    Polθ-IN-5 (Compound 139) is a DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) inhibitor. Polθ-IN-5 has antitumor activity.
    Polθ-IN-5
  • HY-129727
    (E)-MS0019266
    (E)-MS0019266 is a potent inhibitor of DNA damage repair. (E)-MS0019266 inhibits ribonucleotide reductase by generating reactive oxygen species. (E)-MS0019266 also reduces expression of genes related to cell cycle arrest and mitosis, including polo-like kinase 1, kinesin family member 20a, cyclin B1 and aurora kinase A. (E)-MS0019266 is promising for research of inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase and polo-like kinase 1.
    (E)-MS0019266
  • HY-158346
    RP-2119
    		Inhibitor
    RP-2119 (Compound 113) is an orally active inhibitor of Polymerase Theta (Polθ). RP-2119 has antitumor activity.
    RP-2119
  • HY-100513
    (±)-Dehydroaltenusin
    		Inhibitor
    (±)-Dehydroaltenusin, an antibiotic, is a selective eukaryotic DNA polymerase α (pol α) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.68 μM. (±)-Dehydroaltenusin can be isolated from fungus Alternaria tenuis. (±)-Dehydroaltenusin competitively inhibits the DNA template primer (Ki: 0.23 μM) and non-competitively suppresses the 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate substrate (Ki: 0.18 μM). (±)-Dehydroaltenusin induces the cancer cell S-phase cycle arrest and apoptosis. (±)-Dehydroaltenusin can be used for cancers like human adenocarcinoma research.
    (±)-Dehydroaltenusin
  • HY-124116
    PD 121373
    		Inhibitor
    PD 121373 is a DNA complexing agent with antitumor activity. PD 121373 can bind tightly to DNA and RNA and inhibit the synthesis of DNA and RNA. The IC50 values of PD 121373 for inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis in L1210 cells are 0.5 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively.
    PD 121373
  • HY-168045
    HBV-IN-48
    		Inhibitor
    HBV-IN-48 is an HBV inhibitor. HBV-IN-48 has antiviral activity against HBV in HepDE19 cells, with an EC50 value of 0.005 μM. HBV-IN-48 can reduce serum HBV DNA levels in mouse models of HBV infection.
    HBV-IN-48
  • HY-W777859
    5-Methyl cytosine-13C,15N2 hydrochloride
    5-Methyl cytosine-13C,15N2 hydrochloride (5-Methylcytosine hydrochloride-13C,15N2) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled 5-Methylcytosine hydrochloride (HY-W008091A). 5-Methylcytosine hydrochloride plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, facilitating genomic imprinting, and suppressing transposable elements, while also being intricately linked to translational fidelity and tRNA recognition.
    5-Methyl cytosine-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-W194107
    Antitumor agent-152
    		Inhibitor
    Antitumor agent-152 (Compound 5) is a specific substrate and inhibitor of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) with anticancer activity. Antitumor agent-152 can inhibit the uptake of 3H-dC in L1210 leukemia cells with an IC50 value of 1.12 μM.
    Antitumor agent-152
  • HY-112501
    Codon readthrough inducer 1
    Codon readthrough inducer 1, containing pyrimidine bases, shows good readthrough activity.
    Codon readthrough inducer 1
  • HY-121348
    Ficellomycin
    		Inducer
    Ficellomycin is a nitrogen-containing bicyclic antibiotic with strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Ficellomycin works by inducing the formation of defective 34S DNA fragments, which interfere with the semi-conservative DNA replication process. These fragments lack the ability to integrate into larger DNA segments and eventually form a complete bacterial chromosome. Ficellomycin can be used in research for various bacterial diseases.
    Ficellomycin
  • HY-155053
    ZIKV-IN-6
    		Inhibitor
    ZIKV-IN-6 (compound 22) is an inhibitor of Zika virus (ZIKV), with low cytotoxicity (CC50＞50 μM). ZIKV-IN-6 binds to ZIKV RdRp directly and inhibits viral RNA synthesis by ZIKV NS5. ZIKV-IN-6 suppresses the excessive inflammatory response and pyroptosis.
    ZIKV-IN-6
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity